asyncio is a c++20 library to write concurrent code using the async/await syntax.(developing in progress)

Last update: Dec 31, 2022

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Overview

asyncio

Asyncio is a C++20 coroutine library to write concurrent code using the await syntax, and imitate python asyncio library.

Hello world

Task<> hello_world() {
    fmt::print("hello\n");
    co_await asyncio::sleep(1s);
    fmt::print("world\n");
}

int main() {
    asyncio::run(hello_world());
}

output:

hello
world

Dump callstack

Task<int> factorial(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) {
        co_await dump_callstack();
        co_return 1;
    }
    co_return (co_await factorial(n - 1)) * n;
}

int main() {
    fmt::print("run result: {}\n", asyncio::run(factorial(10)));
    return 0;
}

output:

[0] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:17
[1] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[2] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[3] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[4] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[5] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[6] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[7] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[8] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20
[9] void factorial(factorial(int)::_Z9factoriali.Frame*) at asyncio/test/st/hello_world.cpp:20

run result: 3628800

Gather

auto factorial(std::string_view name, int number) -> Task<int> {
    int r = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= number; ++i) {
        fmt::print("Task {}: Compute factorial({}), currently i={}...\n", name, number, i);
        co_await asyncio::sleep(500ms);
        r *= i;
    }
    fmt::print("Task {}: factorial({}) = {}\n", name, number, r);
    co_return r;
};

auto test_void_func() -> Task<> {
    fmt::print("this is a void value\n");
    co_return;
};

int main() {
    asyncio::run([&]() -> Task<> {
        auto&& [a, b, c, _void] = co_await asyncio::gather(
            factorial("A", 2),
            factorial("B", 3),
            factorial("C", 4),
            test_void_func());
        assert(a == 2);
        assert(b == 6);
        assert(c == 24);
    }());
}

output:

Task A: Compute factorial(2), currently i=2...
Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2...
Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=2...
this is a void value
Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=3...
Task A: factorial(2) = 2
Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=3...
Task B: factorial(3) = 6
Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=4...
Task C: factorial(4) = 24

Tested Compiler

gcc-12

TODO

implement result type for code reuse, variant<monostate, value, exception>
implement coroutine backtrace(dump continuation chain)
implement some io coroutine(socket/read/write/close)

Reference

Comments

环境

Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS gcc 11.1.0

测试内容

在echo_server中，在write之前加300ms的sleep时间。在echo_client中，创建多个连接（测试了17个）同时发送给echo_server，并且使用wait_for进行超时控制，超时是300ms。客户端和服务端的时间300ms，是特意设置的。

测试结果

偶尔会有成功，偶尔会有超时，偶尔会产生heap-use-after-free的coredump。重复测试多次，是会复现问题的。

请帮忙看看是哪里导致了内存释放了，还在被使用。

测试代码

server

#include <asyncio/runner.h>
#include <asyncio/start_server.h>
#include <asyncio/sleep.h>
#include <asyncio/wait_for.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

using namespace std::chrono;
using asyncio::Task;
using asyncio::Stream;
using asyncio::get_in_addr;
using asyncio::get_in_port;

Task<> handle_echo(Stream stream) {
    auto& sockinfo = stream.get_sock_info();
    auto sa = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr*>(&sockinfo);
    char addr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN] {};

    auto data = co_await stream.read(100);
    fmt::print("Received: '{}' from '{}:{}'\n", data.data(),
               inet_ntop(sockinfo.ss_family, get_in_addr(sa), addr, sizeof addr),
               get_in_port(sa));

    co_await asyncio::sleep(300ms);
    fmt::print("Send: '{}'\n", data.data());
    co_await stream.write(data);

    fmt::print("Close the connection\n");
    stream.close();
}

Task<void> amain() {
    auto server = co_await asyncio::start_server(
            handle_echo, "127.0.0.1", 8888);

    fmt::print("Serving on 127.0.0.1:8888\n");

    co_await server.serve_forever();
}

int main() {
    asyncio::run(amain());
    return 0;
}

client

#include <iostream>
#include <asyncio/open_connection.h>
#include <asyncio/runner.h>
#include <asyncio/sleep.h>
#include <asyncio/schedule_task.h>
#include <asyncio/wait_for.h>

using namespace asyncio;
using namespace std::chrono;

Task<> tcp_echo_client(std::string_view message) {
        auto stream = co_await asyncio::open_connection("127.0.0.1", 8888);

        fmt::print("Send: '{}'\n", message);
        co_await stream.write(Stream::Buffer(message.begin(), message.end() + 1));

        fmt::print("Send: ok\n");

        auto data = co_await asyncio::wait_for(stream.read(100), 300ms);

        fmt::print("Received: '{}'\n", data.data());

        fmt::print("Close the connection\n");
        stream.close();
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    std::vector<ScheduledTask<Task<>>> tasks;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
    {
        tasks.emplace_back(tcp_echo_client("hello world! 1"));
    }
    
    try
    {
        asyncio::run(tcp_echo_client("hello world!"));
    }
    catch(const std::exception& e)
    {
        std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
    }
    printf("end ....\n");

    return 0;
}

coredump的输出

./echo_client 
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world! 1'
Send: 'hello world!'
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
Send: ok
=================================================================
==26685==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0x612000002a60 at pc 0x5580ce2d05a6 bp 0x7ffc3359c220 sp 0x7ffc3359c210
WRITE of size 1 at 0x612000002a60 thread T0
    #0 0x5580ce2d05a5 in asyncio::Handle::set_state(asyncio::Handle::State) /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/include/asyncio/handle.h:25
    #1 0x5580ce2f1e3d in asyncio::EventLoop::run_once() /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/src/event_loop.cpp:62
    #2 0x5580ce2f11f7 in asyncio::EventLoop::run_until_complete() /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/src/event_loop.cpp:17
    #3 0x5580ce2d4fbe in decltype(auto) asyncio::run<asyncio::Task<void> >(asyncio::Task<void>&&) (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xf3fbe)
    #4 0x5580ce2cda06 in main /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/test/st/echo_client.cpp:40
    #5 0x7fe6a576abf6 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21bf6)
    #6 0x5580ce1f1d49 in _start (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0x10d49)

0x612000002a60 is located 32 bytes inside of 312-byte region [0x612000002a40,0x612000002b78)
freed by thread T0 here:
    #0 0x5580ce282f47 in operator delete(void*) (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xa1f47)
    #1 0x5580ce2c68a1 in asyncio::Stream::read(long) [clone .actor] /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/include/asyncio/stream.h:46
    #2 0x5580ce2c6b29 in asyncio::Stream::read(long) [clone .destroy] /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/include/asyncio/stream.h:34
    #3 0x5580ce2e0ee3 in std::__n4861::coroutine_handle<asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >::promise_type>::destroy() const (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xffee3)
    #4 0x5580ce2dbd41 in asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >::destroy() (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xfad41)
    #5 0x5580ce2d5f81 in asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >::~Task() (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xf4f81)
    #6 0x5580ce2dee4f in asyncio::detail::WaitForAwaiterRegistry<asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >, std::chrono::duration<long, std::ratio<1l, 1000l> > >::~WaitForAwaiterRegistry() (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xfde4f)
    #7 0x5580ce2ce5c8 in asyncio::Task<decltype ((((declval<asyncio::detail::GetAwaiter<asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > > >::type>)()).await_resume)())> asyncio::detail::wait_for<asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >, long, std::ratio<1l, 1000l> >(asyncio::NoWaitAtInitialSuspend, asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >&&, std::chrono::duration<long, std::ratio<1l, 1000l> >) [clone .actor] /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/include/asyncio/wait_for.h:101
    #8 0x5580ce2f0d93 in std::__n4861::coroutine_handle<asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >::promise_type>::resume() const (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0x10fd93)
    #9 0x5580ce2ef90b in asyncio::Task<std::vector<char, std::allocator<char> > >::promise_type::run() (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0x10e90b)
    #10 0x5580ce2f1eb5 in asyncio::EventLoop::run_once() /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/src/event_loop.cpp:63
    #11 0x5580ce2f11f7 in asyncio::EventLoop::run_until_complete() /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/src/event_loop.cpp:17
    #12 0x5580ce2d4fbe in decltype(auto) asyncio::run<asyncio::Task<void> >(asyncio::Task<void>&&) (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xf3fbe)
    #13 0x5580ce2cda06 in main /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/test/st/echo_client.cpp:40
    #14 0x7fe6a576abf6 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21bf6)

previously allocated by thread T0 here:
    #0 0x5580ce282427 in operator new(unsigned long) (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xa1427)
    #1 0x5580ce2d3590 in asyncio::Stream::read(long) (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xf2590)
    #2 0x5580ce2ccb2e in tcp_echo_client(std::basic_string_view<char, std::char_traits<char> >) [clone .actor] /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/test/st/echo_client.cpp:28
    #3 0x5580ce2f0df3 in std::__n4861::coroutine_handle<asyncio::Task<void>::promise_type>::resume() const (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0x10fdf3)
    #4 0x5580ce2f0063 in asyncio::Task<void>::promise_type::run() (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0x10f063)
    #5 0x5580ce2f1eb5 in asyncio::EventLoop::run_once() /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/src/event_loop.cpp:63
    #6 0x5580ce2f11f7 in asyncio::EventLoop::run_until_complete() /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/src/event_loop.cpp:17
    #7 0x5580ce2d4fbe in decltype(auto) asyncio::run<asyncio::Task<void> >(asyncio::Task<void>&&) (/home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/build/test/st/echo_client+0xf3fbe)
    #8 0x5580ce2cda06 in main /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/test/st/echo_client.cpp:40
    #9 0x7fe6a576abf6 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x21bf6)

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/include/asyncio/handle.h:25 in asyncio::Handle::set_state(asyncio::Handle::State)
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
  0x0c247fff84f0: fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd
  0x0c247fff8500: fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fa
  0x0c247fff8510: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c247fff8520: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c247fff8530: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fa fa fa
=>0x0c247fff8540: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fd fd fd fd[fd]fd fd fd
  0x0c247fff8550: fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd
  0x0c247fff8560: fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fd fa
  0x0c247fff8570: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c247fff8580: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c247fff8590: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 fa fa fa
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
  Addressable:           00
  Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 
  Heap left redzone:       fa
  Freed heap region:       fd
  Stack left redzone:      f1
  Stack mid redzone:       f2
  Stack right redzone:     f3
  Stack after return:      f5
  Stack use after scope:   f8
  Global redzone:          f9
  Global init order:       f6
  Poisoned by user:        f7
  Container overflow:      fc
  Array cookie:            ac
  Intra object redzone:    bb
  ASan internal:           fe
  Left alloca redzone:     ca
  Right alloca redzone:    cb
  Shadow gap:              cc
==26685==ABORTING

opened by awen162 4

Just a comparison

https://github.com/alibaba/PhotonLibOS

First of all, Go and Rust should be faster than you thought. Wondering how you get such results.

Did you test it with two real machines?

opened by beef9999 3
关于task.h中的await_transform和co_await如何执行
co_await expr会被转化为

auto&& awaitable = **get_awaitable**(promise, static_cast<decltype(value)>(value)); auto&& awaiter = get_awaiter(static_cast<decltype(awaitable)>(awaitable));

而get_awaitable由下面伪代码构成

decltype(auto) **get_awaitable**(P& promise, T&& expr) { if constexpr (has_any_await_transform_member_v<P>) return promise.await_transform(static_cast<T&&>(expr)); else return static_cast<T&&>(expr); }

参考task_test.cpp例子，struct Task不应该是一个awaitable对象，想问一下task.h中的await_transform是如何工作的。调试代码，先运行await_transform再运行co_await，没弄明白参数是怎么传递的，能否做个简单提示不胜感激
opened by BestUO 2
Can't compile it with gcc 11
At the beginning, I compile it with gcc 9 and get the following error:

asyncio/include/asyncio/handle.h:9:10: fatal error: source_location: No such file or directory 9 | #include <source_location> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Then, I update the gcc to version 11.1 and still get this error.

Could author paste the successful building environment in the README?

Thanks.
opened by xzhangxian1008 2
单元测试报错
环境： Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS gcc版本： gcc version 11.1.0 (Ubuntu 11.1.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1)

单元测试报错信息如下，请帮忙分析下是什么原因，谢谢！ `[email protected]:~/c++/asyncio/build/test/ut$ ./asyncio_ut this is a void value Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=2... Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2... Task A: Compute factorial(2), currently i=2... Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=3... Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=3... Task A: factorial(2) = 2 Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=4... Task B: factorial(3) = 6 Task C: factorial(4) = 24 Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2... Task A: Compute factorial(2), currently i=2... this is a void value Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=2... Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=3... Task A: factorial(2) = 2 Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=3... Task B: factorial(3) = 6 Task C: Compute factorial(4), currently i=4... Task C: factorial(4) = 24 Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2... Task A: Compute factorial(2), currently i=2... Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=3... Task A: factorial(2) = 2 Task B: factorial(3) = 6 Task B: Compute factorial(3), currently i=2... wait_duration finished

asyncio_ut is a Catch v3.0.0-preview.3 host application. Run with -? for options Randomness seeded to: 1868188266 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Scenario: test timeout wait_for with gather ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/test/ut/task_test.cpp:275 ............................................................................... /home/ubuntu/c++/asyncio/test/ut/task_test.cpp:278: FAILED: REQUIRE_NOTHROW( co_await wait_for(gather(sleep(10ms), sleep(20ms), sleep(30ms)), 50ms) ) due to unexpected exception with message: TimeoutError =============================================================================== test cases: 11 | 10 passed | 1 failed assertions: 96 | 95 passed | 1 failed`
opened by awen162 2
Release test pass in GCC 11.2 :-)

Hi

My test don't show any release bug in GCC 11.2. I use in arch Linux.

Then: " Debian Linux gcc-11/12, gcc-11 crash at Release mode"

Seems wrong Now !

opened by Maziar123 0
[Feature Request] TLS Support?

Greetings and also AWESOME WORK @netcan I have been wondering why C++ doesn't have a library like this - been struggling with ASIO. Turns out, it DOES have a library like this I just hadn't heard of it.

One thing that Python Asyncio has going for it that seems to be missing, though, is TLS support. I know adding that isn't easy, but figure it should be on the TODO list of any project like this.

Or, is it more common these days to use tools like stunnel ? I've found TLS outside of Python to be very finnicky to setup.

opened by volundmush 2

Owner

Netcan

C++ Programmer

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