cmdlime - is a C++17 header-only library for command line parsing with minimum of code and pain things to remember. See for yourself:
///examples/ex01.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/config.h>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int);
PARAM(name, std::string);
FLAG(verbose);
} cfg;
auto reader = cmdlime::ConfigReader{cfg, "person-finder"};
if (!reader.readCommandLine(argc, argv))
return reader.exitCode();
//At this point your config is ready to use
std::cout << "Looking for person " << cfg.name << " in the region with zip code: " << cfg.zipCode;
return 0;
}
The default configuration conforms to the GNU command line options convention, so this program can be launched like this:
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder 684007 --name John --verbose
Looking for person John in the region with zip code: 684007
Please note, that in this example, --name is a parameter, --verbose is a flag, and 684007 is an argument, this naming is used in this document and within the cmdlime interface.
Table of Contents
Usage
Declaring the config structure
To use cmdlime you need to create a structure with fields corresponding to parameters, flags and arguments readed from the command line.
To do this subclass cmdlime::Config and declare fields with the following macros:
- ARG(
name,type) - createstype name;config field and registers it in the parser.
Arguments are mapped to the config fields in the order of declaration. Arguments can't have default values and are always required to be specified in the command line. - ARGLIST(
name,type) - createsstd::vectorconfig field and registers it in the parser.name;
Config can have only one arguments list and elements are placed into it after all other config arguments are set, regardless of the order of declaration. The declaration form ARGLIST(name,type)(list-initialization) sets the default value of an argument list, which makes it optional, so it can be omitted from the command line without raising an error. - PARAM(
name,type) - createstype name;config field and registers it in the parser.
The declaration form PARAM(name,type)(default value) sets the default value of a parameter, which makes it optional, so it can be omitted from the command line without raising an error. - PARAMLIST(
name,type) - createsstd::vectorconfig field and registers it in the parser.name;
Parameter list can be filled by specifying it in the command line multiple times (--param-list val1 --param-list val2) or passing a comma separated value (--param-list val1,val2).
The declaration form PARAMLIST(name,type)(list-initialization) sets the default value of a parameter list, which makes it optional, so it can be omitted from the command line without raising an error. - FLAG(
name) - createsbool name;config field and registers it in the parser.
Flags are always optional and have default valuefalse - EXITFLAG(
name) - createsbool name;config field and registers it in the parser. If at least one exit flag is set, no parsing errors are raised regardless of the command line's content and config fields other than exit flags are left in an unspecified state. It's usefull for flags like--helpor--versionwhen you're supposed to print some message and exit the program without checking the other fields.
Note: Types used for config fields must be default constructible and copyable.
Another note: You don't need to change your code style when declaring config fields - camelCase, snake_case and PascalCase names are supported and readed from the kebab-case named parameters in the command line.
Let's alter the config for the person-finder program by adding a required parameter surname and making the name parameter optional:
///examples/ex02.cpp
///
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int);
PARAM(surname, std::string);
PARAM(name, std::string)();
FLAG(verbose);
} cfg;
Now parameter --name can be skipped without raising an error:
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder 684007 --surname Deer
Looking for person Deer in region with zip code: 684007
Using ConfigReader
ConfigReader - is a helper class hiding the error handling boilerplate and adding--help and --version flags processing to your config.
--help flag show detailed help message, that otherwise can be accessed through Config::usageInfoDetailed().
--version flag is enabled only if version info is set in the config with Config::setVersionInfo method.
Let's modify person-finder and see how it works.
///examples/ex03.cpp
///
...
cfg.setVersionInfo("person-finder 1.0");
auto reader = cmdlime::ConfigReader{cfg, "person-finder"};
if (!reader.readCommandLine(argc, argv))
return reader.exitCode();
...
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder --version
person-finder 1.0
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder --help
Usage: person-finder --surname [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int)
Parameters:
-s, --surname
-n, --name optional
Flags:
-v, --verbose
--help show usage info and exit
--version show version info and exit
As mentioned before, ConfigReader is just a helper class, so if you like typing a lot, it's possible to implement the same program without using it:
///examples/ex04.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/config.h>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int);
PARAM(name, std::string);
FLAG(verbose);
EXITFLAG(help);
EXITFLAG(version);
} cfg;
try{
cfg.readCommandLine(argc, argv);
}
catch(const cmdlime::Error& e){
std::cerr << e.what();
std::cout << cfg.usageInfo();
return -1;
}
if (cfg.help){
std::cout << cfg.usageInfoDetailed();
return 0;
}
if (cfg.version){
std::cout << "person-finder 1.0";
return 0;
}
//At this point your config is ready to use
std::cout << "Looking for person " << cfg.name << " in the region with zip code: " << cfg.zipCode;
return 0;
}
Try to run it and...
Usage: person-finder --name [--verbose] [--help] [--version]
Flag's short name 'v' is already used.
you'll get this error. The thing is, the default command line format supports short names and our flags --verbose and --version ended up having the same short name -v. Read the next section to learn how to fix it.
Custom names
///examples/ex05.cpp
///
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int);
PARAM(name, std::string);
FLAG(verbose);
EXITFLAG(help) << cmdlime::WithoutShortName{};
EXITFLAG(version) << cmdlime::WithoutShortName{};
} cfg;
Here's the fixed config. Turning off the short name generation for flag --version resolves the name conflict. When you rely on ConfigReader for handling of --help and --version flags, it creates them without short names. At this point, we should do this as well, and all following examples will be based on our original version of person-finder program that uses ConfigReader.
You can use the following objects to customize names generation:
cmdlime::Name{"customName"} - overrides command line option's name.
cmdlime::ShortName{"customShortName"} - overrides command line option's short name.
cmdlime::WithoutShortName{} - removes command line option's short name.
cmdlime::ValueName{} - overrides parameter's value name in the usage info.
And it's time for another person-finder's rewrite:
///examples/ex06.cpp
///
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int);
PARAM(surname, std::string) << cmdlime::ValueName{"A-Z..."};
PARAM(name, std::string)() << cmdlime::Name{"first-name"};
FLAG(verbose);
} cfg;
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder --help
Usage: person-finder --surname [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int)
Parameters:
-s, --surname
-n, --first-name optional
Flags:
-v, --verbose
--help show usage info and exit
--version show version info and exit
Auto-generated usage info
cmdlime can generate help messages accessible with Config::usageInfo() and Config::usageInfoDetailed() methods. The former is the compact version that is supposed to be shown alongside error messages, the latter is the detailed version that is printed out when --help flag is set.
We can add more information to the detailed usage info by setting the parameters` descriptions:
///examples/ex07.cpp
///
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int) << "zip code of the searched region";
PARAM(surname, std::string) << "surname of the person to find" << cmdlime::ValueName{"A-Z..."};
PARAM(name, std::string)() << "name of the person to find" << cmdlime::Name{"first-name"};
FLAG(verbose) << "adds more information to the output";
} cfg;
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder --help
Usage: person-finder --surname [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int) zip code of the searched region
Parameters:
-s, --surname surname of the person to find
-n, --first-name name of the person to find
(optional)
Flags:
-v, --verbose adds more information to the output
--help show usage info and exit
--version show version info and exit
If you don't like auto-generated usage info message you can set your own with Config::setUsageInfo() and Config::setUsageInfoDetailed()
Supported formats
cmdlime supports several command line naming conventions and unlike many other parsers it strictly enforces them, so you can't mix usage of different formats together.
All formats support argument delimiter --, after encountering it, all command line options are treated as arguments, even if they start with hyphens.
GNU
All names are in kebab-case.
Parameters and flags prefix: --
Short names are supported. Short names prefix: -
Parameters usage: --parameter value, --parameter=value, -p value or -pvalue
Flags usage: --flag, -f
Flags in short form can be "glued" together: -abc or with one parameter: -fp value
This is the default command line format used by cmdlime. Subclass your config structure from cmdlime::Config or cmdlime::GNUConfig to use it.
///examples/ex08.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/config.h>
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int) << "zip code of the searched region";
PARAM(surname, std::string) << "surname of the person to find";
PARAM(name, std::string)() << "name of the person to find";
FLAG(verbose) << "adds more information to the output";
} cfg;
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder --help
Usage: person-finder --surname [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int) zip code of the searched region
Parameters:
-s, --surname surname of the person to find
-n, --name name of the person to find
(optional)
Flags:
-v, --verbose adds more information to the output
--help show usage info and exit
--version show version info and exit
POSIX
All names consist of single alphanumeric character.
Parameters and flags prefix: -
Short names aren't supported (the default names are already short enough).
Parameters usage: -p value or -pvalue
Flags usage: -f
Flags in short form can be "glued" together: -abc or with one parameter: -fp value
Parameters and flags must precede the arguments, besides that, this format is a subset of GNU format.
Subclass your config structure from cmdlime::POSIXConfig to use it.
///examples/ex09.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/posixconfig.h>
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::POSIXConfig{
ARG(zipCode, int) << "zip code of the searched region";
PARAM(surname, std::string) << "surname of the person to find";
PARAM(name, std::string)() << "name of the person to find";
FLAG(verbose) << "adds more information to the output" << cmdlime::Name{"V"};
} cfg;
Note: here's the clashing names error again, so we have to rename verbose config field flag from -v to -V
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder -h
Usage: person-finder -s [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int) zip code of the searched region
Parameters:
-s surname of the person to find
-n name of the person to find
(optional)
Flags:
-V adds more information to the output
-h show usage info and exit
-v show version info and exit
X11
All names are in lowercase.
Parameters and flags prefix: -
Short names aren't supported.
Parameters usage: -parameter value
Flags usage: -flag
Subclass your config structure from cmdlime::X11Config to use it.
///examples/ex10.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/x11config.h>
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::X11Config{
ARG(zipCode, int) << "zip code of the searched region";
PARAM(surname, std::string) << "surname of the person to find";
PARAM(name, std::string)() << "name of the person to find";
FLAG(verbose) << "adds more information to the output";
} cfg;
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder -help
Usage: person-finder -surname [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int) zip code of the searched region
Parameters:
-surname surname of the person to find
-name name of the person to find
(optional)
Flags:
-verbose adds more information to the output
-help show usage info and exit
-version show version info and exit
Simple format
This format is created for development purposes of cmdlime as it's the easiest one to parse, so cmdlime unit tests are probably the only software that use it.
All names are in camelCase.
Parameters prefix: -
Flags prefix: --
Short names aren't supported.
Parameters usage: -parameter=value
Flags usage: --flag
Subclass your config structure from cmdlime::SimpleConfig to use it.
///examples/ex11.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/simpleconfig.h>
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::SimpleConfig{
ARG(zipCode, int) << "zip code of the searched region";
PARAM(surname, std::string) << "surname of the person to find";
PARAM(name, std::string)() << "name of the person to find";
FLAG(verbose) << "adds more information to the output";
} cfg;
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder --help
Usage: person-finder -surname= [params] [flags]
Arguments:
(int) zip code of the searched region
Parameters:
-surname= surname of the person to find
-name= name of the person to find
(optional)
Flags:
--verbose adds more information to the output
--help show usage info and exit
--version show version info and exit
Using custom types
To use custom types in the config, it's necessary to overload std::stringstream operator<< and operator>>.
Let's add a coordinate parameter --coord to the person-finder program.
///examples/ex12.cpp
///
#include <cmdlime/config.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
struct Coord{
double lat;
double lon;
};
std::stringstream& operator<<(std::stringstream& stream, const Coord& coord)
{
stream << coord.lat << "-" << coord.lon;
return stream;
}
std::stringstream& operator>>(std::stringstream& stream, Coord& coord)
{
auto coordStr = std::string{};
stream >> coordStr;
auto delimPos = coordStr.find('-');
if (delimPos == std::string::npos)
throw cmdlime::Error{"Wrong coord format"};
coord.lat = std::stod(coordStr.substr(0, delimPos));
coord.lon = std::stod(coordStr.substr(delimPos + 1, coordStr.size() - delimPos - 1));
return stream;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
struct Cfg : public cmdlime::Config{
ARG(zipCode, int) << "zip code of the searched region";
PARAM(surname, std::string) << "surname of the person to find";
PARAM(name, std::string)() << "name of the person to find";
PARAM(coord, Coord) << "possible location";
FLAG(verbose) << "adds more information to the output";
} cfg;
cfg.setVersionInfo("person-finder 1.0");
auto reader = cmdlime::ConfigReader{cfg, "person-finder"};
if (!reader.readCommandLine(argc, argv))
return reader.exitCode();
//At this point your config is ready to use
std::cout << "Looking for person " << cfg.name << " " << cfg.surname << " in the region with zip code: " << cfg.zipCode << std::endl;
std::cout << "Possible location:" << cfg.coord.lat << " " << cfg.coord.lon;
return 0;
}
[email protected]:~$ ./person-finder 684007 --surname Deer --coord 53.0-157.25
Looking for person Deer in the region with zip code: 684007
Possible location:53 157.25
Installation
For the system-wide installation use these commands:
git clone https://github.com/kamchatka-volcano/cmdlime.git
cd cmdlime && mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make install
Or you can simply place cmdlime directory in your project and add cmdlime/include to the include paths.
Running tests
cd cmdlime/build
cmake .. -DENABLE_TESTS=ON
make
ctest
License
cmdlime is licensed under the MS-PL license
The bundled part of the GSL library is licensed under the MIT license
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