LSH is a simple implementation of a shell in C

Related tags

CLI c shell tutorial
Overview

LSH

LSH is a simple implementation of a shell in C, and it is the subject of a tutorial on my website. It demonstrates the basics of how a shell works. That is: read, parse, fork, exec, and wait. Since its purpose is demonstration (not feature completeness or even fitness for casual use), it has many limitations, including:

  • Commands must be on a single line.
  • Arguments must be separated by whitespace.
  • No quoting arguments or escaping whitespace.
  • No piping or redirection.
  • Only builtins are: cd, help, exit.

Running

Use gcc -o lsh src/main.c to compile, and then ./lsh to run. If you would like to use the standard-library based implementation of lsh_read_line(), then you can do: gcc -DLSH_USE_STD_GETLINE -o lsh src/main.c.

Contributing

Since this is the subject of a tutorial, I'm not looking to extend it with additional features at this time. So I won't be accepting any pull requests that aren't related to bug fixes (and I'm sure there are still bugs in the code!).

However, that doesn't mean that you shouldn't play with the code, make changes, and explore new features! That's the whole point of this project! It's just that other people are doing the same thing, and this project is merely a starting point for your own exploration.

On that note, I would be just tickled if you dropped me a line (see my website for contact info) to show me the cool new features you've added!

License

This code is in the public domain (see UNLICENSE for more details). This means you can use, modify, and distribute it without any restriction. I appreciate, but don't require, acknowledgement in derivative works.

Comments
  • EOF not handled in getline()

    EOF not handled in getline()

    I did not know where else to raise an issue regarding the blog post, as getline is not there in the code on github.

    The code on the blog post does not handle the case where the user inputs an EOF, wanting to exit the shell. I believe it should be:

    char *lsh_read_line(void)
    {
      char *line = NULL;
      ssize_t bufsize = 0;  // have getline allocate a buffer for us
      if (getline(&line, &bufsize, stdin) == -1)
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
      return line;
    }
    

    Or, to be even more pedantic:

    char *lsh_read_line(void)
    {
      char *line = NULL;
      ssize_t bufsize = 0;  // have getline allocate a buffer for us
    
      if (getline(&line, &bufsize, stdin) == -1){
        if (feof(stdin)) {  
          exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);  // We recieved an EOF
        } else  {
          perror("readline");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
      }
      return line;
    }
    
    opened by harishankarv 5
  • To express gratitude and ask a small question

    To express gratitude and ask a small question

    I really enjoyed reading this tutorial, I read it all in one go, tried to write the code, and it finally ran successfully. But I have a small problem is that I did not find any code related to the two commands ls and pwd, but I can use them when launch the program, can you explain why? Finally, thank you very much for writing this tutorial, it brought me a happy afternoon.

    opened by wintermorn1ng 2
  • Memory Allocation Error

    Memory Allocation Error

    I believe there is a slight mistake in implementation of realloc function in the main.c at line 182. Instead of: buffer = realloc(buffer, bufsize); The code should have been: buffer = realloc(buffer, bufsize * sizeof(char));

    opened by shah-anurag 2
  • Contribution to the repository

    Contribution to the repository

    Hi! Is this project open to contribution? He never contributes no projects in github, but he caught my attention, it would be a good challenge for me. If you want help, I'm at your disposal.

    opened by fernandoeqc 1
  • docs: fix simple typo, recieved -> received

    docs: fix simple typo, recieved -> received

    There is a small typo in src/main.c.

    Should read received rather than recieved.

    Semi-automated pull request generated by https://github.com/timgates42/meticulous/blob/master/docs/NOTE.md

    opened by timgates42 1
  • Network support

    Network support

    Added simple arguments parsing code Support for ipv4 tcp client support

    define FEATURE_CONNECT_TO_SERVER to add the support (-DFEATURE_CONNECT_TO_SERVER in gcc)

    server example: nc -l -p 8090

    opened by baselsayeh 1
  • Update main.c

    Update main.c

    In case of Error:

    main.c: In function 'lsh_launch':
    main.c:103:3: error: unknown type name 'pid_t'
       pid_t pid;
       ^
    

    "In older Posix standards, pid_t was only defined in <sys/types.h>, but since Posix.1-2001 (Issue 7) it is also in <unistd.h>. However, in order to get definitions in Posix.1-2001, you must define an appropriate feature test macro before including any standard header file."

    opened by kkmzero 1
  • exit in Child process

    exit in Child process

    Why in child process, it exits with EXIT_FAILURE ? if (execvp(args[0], args) == -1) { perror("lsh"); } exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

    I think it should be: _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

    opened by danghai 1
  • Its not working with sftp

    Its not working with sftp

    I modified user to use it bash shell usermod -s "binary" username it does not working, when i change back usermod -s /bin/bash username

    it works

    wontfix 
    opened by surjit 1
  • Add a couple of missing malloc checks

    Add a couple of missing malloc checks

    Nice little project you have here. I noticed these while reading your blog post that hit HN.

    There is a bug in your getline alternative on the blog too -- you need to initialise line to NULL since POSIX says "The application shall ensure that *lineptr is a valid argument that could be passed to the free() function."

    opened by ghost 1
  • Congratulations and Rust version

    Congratulations and Rust version

    I really enjoyed testing your lsh and reading the blog post.

    FYI & OFFTOPIC: I also created a simple Rust version for fun: https://gist.github.com/rubenrua/55b2ab6757b6c716f05595548784593a

    image

    opened by rubenrua 0
  • Some libc libraries only flush stdout when they see a newline

    Some libc libraries only flush stdout when they see a newline

    I compiled your shell against musl libc and then the ">" prompt is missing.

    The fix is easy enough:

    diff --git a/src/main.c b/src/main.c index 39b8528..0a705eb 100644 --- a/src/main.c +++ b/src/main.c @@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ void lsh_loop(void)

    do { printf("> ");

    • fflush(stdout); line = lsh_read_line(); args = lsh_split_line(line); status = lsh_execute(args);
    opened by sjpschutte 0
  • fixed possible memory leak while reallocating for bigger buffer size

    fixed possible memory leak while reallocating for bigger buffer size

    In case realloc() fails, you would lose the pointer to the memory, leaving it unable to be freed. That's why I added a temporary buffer just so it is possible to free the original memory.

    opened by stolo93 0
Owner
Stephen Brennan
professional beginner
Stephen Brennan
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