Hi guys,

I'm trying to use Simu5G on my Omnet++ setup and the build crashes every time:

Anybody have any ideas how to debug it?

Thanks Bogdan

Console: "fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=] 12 warnings and 20 errors generated. make[1]: *** [Makefile:420: ../out/clang-debug/src/apps/mec/MecApps/MecRequestBackgroundGeneratorApp/MecRequestBackgroundGeneratorApp.o] Error 1 19 warnings and 20 errors generated. 12 warnings and 20 errors generated. make[1]: *** [Makefile:420: ../out/clang-debug/src/apps/mec/MecApps/MecRequestForegroundApp/MecRequestForegroundApp.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [Makefile:420: ../out/clang-debug/src/apps/mec/WarningAlert/MECWarningAlertApp.o] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory '/c/Users/Bogda/Documents/omnetpp-6.0/samples/Simu5G-1.2.0/src' make: *** [Makefile:2: all] Error 2 "make MODE=debug -j12 all" terminated with exit code 2. Build might be incomplete.

12:45:00 Build Failed. 141 errors, 194 warnings. (took 18s.841ms)"

Hi there! I was trying to measure the transmission delay from UE to MEC with different UE numbers. Here is my environment below:

• Windows 11
• Omnet++ 6.0 Release Version
• INET 4.3.9
• Simu5G latest code(cloned on May 11) with minor change mentioned in https://github.com/Unipisa/Simu5G/issues/44#issuecomment-1123756115 to resolve the Invalid Signal ID issue

And my simulation code is based on the given example under the directory simulations/NR/mec/singleMecHost I have modified the code in UEWarningAlertApp.cc with a function keeps sending Ping message with message creation timestamp after every defined time interval to the corresponding MECApp in MECHost, while the connection to MECApp is established:

void UEWarningAlertApp::sendPingMessageToMECApp(){

    inet::Packet* pkt = new inet::Packet("WarningPing");
    auto pingMsg = inet::makeShared<WarningPingPacket>();
    pingMsg->setType(PING_MSG);
    // ueMsgCreateTime = simTime();
    pingMsg->setUeIndex(getParentModule()->getIndex());
    pingMsg->setUeCreateTime(simTime());
    pingMsg->setChunkLength(inet::B(1000));
    pkt->insertAtBack(pingMsg);

    if (logger) {
        log_notation("sendMessageToMECApp");
        logfile << "ping Message sent to the MEC app: " << mecAppAddress_ << ":" << mecAppPort_ << endl;
    }

    socket.sendTo(pkt, mecAppAddress_ , mecAppPort_);
}

When the MECApp received the packet, it'll record the timestamp on receiving the packet and reply a new packet with both UE's creation and MEC's receiving timestamps to one or more UE's WarningAlertApp:

void MECWarningAlertApp::handleUeMessage(omnetpp::cMessage *msg)
{
    // determine its source address/port
    auto pk = check_and_cast<Packet *>(msg);
    ueAppAddress = pk->getTag<L3AddressInd>()->getSrcAddress();
    ueAppPort = pk->getTag<L4PortInd>()->getSrcPort();

    auto mecPk = pk->peekAtFront<WarningAppPacket>();

    if(strcmp(mecPk->getType(), START_WARNING) == 0)
    {
      //...
    }
    else if (strcmp(mecPk->getType(), STOP_WARNING) == 0)
    {   
      //...
    }else if (strcmp(mecPk->getType(), PING_MSG) == 0) {
        if (logger) {
            log_notation("handleUeMessage");
            logfile << "WarningPingPacket arrived from: " << ueAppAddress << endl;
        }

        auto pingPk = dynamicPtrCast<const WarningPingPacket>(mecPk);
        if (pingPk == nullptr){
            throw cRuntimeError("MECWarningAlertApp::handleUeMessage - WarningPingPacket is null");
        } 

        if (address_book.size() == 0) {
            address_filling(pingPk->getUeIndex());
        }

        for (auto iter = address_book.begin(); iter != address_book.end(); iter ++){
            if (logger) {
                log_notation("handleUeMessage");
                logfile << "Sending Boardcasting Reply: " << **iter << endl;
            }

            sendPingReply(pingPk, **iter, ueAppPort);
        }

    }else{
        throw cRuntimeError("MECWarningAlertApp::handleUeMessage - packet not recognized");
    }
}

void MECWarningAlertApp::sendPingReply(inet::IntrusivePtr<const WarningPingPacket>& pingPk,const inet::L3Address& dest_addr,const int& ueAppPort){

    inet::Packet* pkt = new inet::Packet("WarningPing");
    auto pingMsg = inet::makeShared<WarningPingPacket>();
    msgReplyTime = simTime();
    pingMsg->setType(PING_MSG);
    pingMsg->setChunkLength(inet::B(1000));
    pingMsg->setUeCreateTime(pingPk->getUeCreateTime());
    pingMsg->setMecReceiveTime(msgReceivedTime); //Assigned with simTime() in handlemessage(){...}
    pingMsg->setMecReplyTime(msgReplyTime);
    
    pkt->insertAtBack(pingMsg);

    if (logger) {
        log_notation("handleUeMessage");
        logfile << "WarningPingPacket analysed, sending reply to UE app: " << dest_addr << endl;
    }    

    ueSocket.sendTo(pkt, dest_addr, ueAppPort);
}

void MECWarningAlertApp::address_filling(int UeIndex){
    if (logger) {
        log_notation("address_filling");
        logfile << ("Starting filling device address") << endl;
    }

    auto curr_index = UeIndex + 1;
    for(auto i = 0; i < ping_receiver_num; i ++){
        if (curr_index >= numUes) {
            curr_index = 0;
        }
        string simbolicAppAddressStr = "ue["+to_string(curr_index)+"]";
        address_book.insert(new inet::L3Address(inet::L3AddressResolver().resolve(simbolicAppAddressStr.c_str())));

        curr_index ++;        
    }
}

After the UEApp received the replied message, the time delay on UE->MEC, MEC processing, MEC->UE will be all calculated and recorded as signals:

void UEWarningAlertApp::handleMessage(cMessage *msg)
{
    ueMsgReceivedTime = simTime();

    // Sender Side
    if (msg->isSelfMessage())
    {
       //...
    }else{
       //...
      else if(!strcmp(mePkt->getType(), PING_MSG)){
                if (logger) {
                    log_notation("handleMessage");
                    logfile << "Received reply from MEC message at " << simTime() << endl;
                }

                auto pingPk = dynamicPtrCast<const WarningPingPacket>(mePkt);
                if (pingPk == nullptr){
                    throw cRuntimeError("MECWarningAlertApp::handleUeMessage - WarningPingPacket is null");
                } 

                ueMsgCreateTime = pingPk->getUeCreateTime();
                mecMsgReceivedTime = pingPk->getMecReceiveTime();
                mecMsgReplyTime = pingPk->getMecReplyTime();
                
                emit(uploadTimeSignal, mecMsgReceivedTime - ueMsgCreateTime);
                emit(processTimeSignal, mecMsgReplyTime - mecMsgReceivedTime);
                emit(downloadTimeSignal, ueMsgReceivedTime - mecMsgReplyTime);

                if (logger) {
                    log_notation("handleMessage");
                    logfile << "Message Create Time is: [" << ueMsgCreateTime << "], Total Delay is [" << (ueMsgReceivedTime - ueMsgCreateTime) << "]" << endl; 
                }

                emit(totalTimeSignal, ueMsgReceivedTime - ueMsgCreateTime);
    }

I have read the article from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9591605, and expect the trending of the time delay/numUE is kind of like Figure 21 in the article (Since the delay measured in article is RTT and my measurement is from UE1->MEC->UE2 only, without the reversed path, so the expected graph's differentiation should be close to half of the Figure 21's).

However, no matter I have set the number of UEs from 3 to 450, the measurements of delay remains in a constant range, with the value keeps in between 0.0048s ~ 0.0052s, which consists of

• 0.0037s from UE to MEC
• 0.00125s from MEC to UE
• 0.00s in MEC processing

In my simulation, I have set the size of message to 1000B using pingMsg->setChunkLength(inet::B(1000));, and in omnetpp.ini, I have set the numerology to 2 and numBands to 25. The detail of the configuration is listed below:

[General]
image-path=../../../images
cmdenv-express-mode = true
cmdenv-autoflush = true

##########################################################
#            Output Format Results                       #
##########################################################
num-rngs = 3
repeat = 15
seed-set = ${repetition}
output-scalar-file = ${resultdir}/${configname}/${configname}.sca
output-vector-file = ${resultdir}/${configname}/${configname}.vec
**.routingRecorder.enabled = false
**.scalar-recording = false
**.vector-recording = false



##########################################################
#            Simulation parameters                       #
##########################################################
debug-on-errors = false
print-undisposed = true

sim-time-limit = 38s
warmup-period = 0s

*.playgroundSizeX = 1100m
*.playgroundSizeY = 800m
*.playgroundSizeZ = 50m


############### IPv4 configurator config #################
*.configurator.config = xmldoc("./demo.xml")


##########################################################
#              NR specific parameters                   #
##########################################################
*.gNodeB*.cellInfo.broadcastMessageInterval = 0.5s
**.fbPeriod = 40   # reports CQI every 40ms
**.amcType = "NRAmc"
**.pilotMode = "ROBUST_CQI" 
**.targetBler = 0.01
**.blerShift = 5  

#######################################################
#        CA and channel model configuration           # 
#######################################################
*.carrierAggregation.numComponentCarriers = 1
*.carrierAggregation.componentCarrier[0].numBands =  25 #${numBands=25}

*.carrierAggregation.componentCarrier[0].numerologyIndex = 2

*.*.cellularNic.LteChannelModelType = "NRChannelModel"
*.gNodeB1.cellularNic.numCarriers = 1
*.gNodeB1.cellularNic.channelModel[0].componentCarrierIndex = 0
*.ue[*].cellularNic.numCarriers = 1
*.ue[*].cellularNic.nrChannelModel[0].componentCarrierIndex = 0


##########################################################
#                      Mobility                          #			
##########################################################		
**.mobility.constraintAreaMinZ = 0m
**.mobility.constraintAreaMaxZ = 0m

*.ue[*].mobility.initFromDisplayString = false
*.ue[*].mobility.typename = "LinearMobility"
*.ue[*].mobility.updateInterval = 0.05s

*.gNodeB1.mobility.initFromDisplayString = true

**.numUes = 3

**.ue[*].mobility.initialX = 180m
**.ue[*].mobility.initialY = 50m
**.ue[*].mobility.initialMovementHeading = 90deg
**.ue[*].mobility.speed = 10mps

**.ue[*].masterId = 1    
**.ue[*].macCellId = 1   
**.ue[*].nrMasterId = 1
**.ue[*].nrMacCellId = 1
**.gNodeB1.macCellId = 1
**.gNodeB1.macNodeId = 1

# tcp settings
**.tcp.typename = "Tcp"
**.tcp.advertisedWindow = 65535         # in bytes, corresponds with the maximal receiver buffer capacity (Note: normally, NIC queues should be at least this size)
**.tcp.tcpAlgorithmClass = "TcpReno"    # TcpReno/TcpTahoe/TcpNewReno/TcpNoCongestionControl/DumbTcp
**.tcp.sackSupport = true               # Selective Acknowledgment (RFC 2018, 2883, 3517) support (header option) (SACK will be enabled for a connection if both endpoints support it)

**.hasRNISupport = true
##########################################################
#                    App Layer                           #
##########################################################

#########################_Car Side_#######################

#------------UEWarningAlertApp---------------
*.ue[*].numApps = 2
*.ue[*].app[0].typename = "DeviceApp"
*.ue[*].app[0].localPort = 4500
*.ue[*].app[0].UALCMPAddress = "ualcmp"
*.ue[*].app[0].UALCMPPort = 1000
*.ue[*].app[0].appPackageSource = "ApplicationDescriptors/WarningAlertApp.json"

*.ue[*].app[1].typename = "UEWarningAlertApp"
#*.ue[*].app[1].positionY = 150

*.ue[*].app[1].deviceAppAddress = "ue["+string(ancestorIndex(1))+"]"
*.ue[*].app[1].deviceAppPort = 4500
*.ue[*].app[1].startTime = 1s										#when sending start warning alert app									#period to sending messages
*.ue[*].app[1].stopTime = 30s										#when sending stop MEC warning alert app

#enable this for log output
*.ue[*].app[1].logger = false

#*.ue[*].app[0].requiredRam = 10MB
#*.ue[*].app[0].requiredDisk = 10MB
#*.ue[*].app[0].requiredCpu = 0.01
#----------------------------------------

######################_ME Host Side_#####################
# resources available
*.mecHost.maxMECApps = 900												#max ME Apps to instantiate
*.mecHost.maxRam = 32GB													#max KBytes of Ram Space 
*.mecHost.maxDisk = 100TB												#max KBytes of Ram Space 
*.mecHost.maxCpuSpeed = 600000											#max percentage of CPU
#----------------------------------------

*.mecHost.eNBList = "gNodeB1"


#-------ETCI MES Services:---------------

*.mecHost.mecPlatform.numMecServices = 1
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].typename = "LocationService"
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].localAddress = "mecHost.mecPlatform" #da cambiare!!
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].localPort = 10020

*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].rng-0 = 0 # request service time
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].rng-1 = 1 # subscription service time
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].requestServiceTime = 100us
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.mecService[0].subscriptionServiceTime = 11us

*.mecHost.mecPlatform.serviceRegistry.localAddress = "mecHost.mecPlatform" #da cambiare!!
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.serviceRegistry.localPort = 10021

*.mecHost.mecPlatform.serviceRegistry.rng-0 = 0 # request service time
*.mecHost.mecPlatform.serviceRegistry.rng-1 = 1 # subscription service time


# ME Host connected
**.gNodeB*.mecHost = "mecHost"
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

[Config Uniforward_003]
network = simu5g.simulations.NR.mec.singleMecHost.singleMecHost
*.mecHost.mecPlatformManager.mecOrchestrator = "mecOrchestrator"
**.mecOrchestrator.mecHostList = "mecHost"

**.numUes = 3

*.ue[*].app[1].**.scalar-recording = true
*.ue[*].app[1].**.vector-recording = true

**.ping_sender_num = 3
**.ping_receiver_num = 1

[Config Uniforward_030]
network = simu5g.simulations.NR.mec.singleMecHost.singleMecHost
*.mecHost.mecPlatformManager.mecOrchestrator = "mecOrchestrator"
**.mecOrchestrator.mecHostList = "mecHost"

**.numUes = 30

**.ping_sender_num = 30
**.ping_receiver_num = 1

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
#...#
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- #

I wonder if there is anything I got wrong in configuration or actual codes which makes the curve of the delay/numUEs so flat? I'm new to the telecommunication area so I could really not figure out where is the problem, any suggestion would be helpful to me!

Thanks for your help!

I modified the number of cars by **.numCars = 100 in simulations\NR\mec\singleMecHost\omnetpp.ini. Then I face some error, since any value greater than 100 gives an error, I searched for 100, and adjusted *.mecHost.maxMECApps.

Next, I tried to adjust the number of cars, I could reach 266, but then it would report an error, I began to suspect that it was the IP address, but since 266 is greater than 255, it might be another problem.

could you please give me some advice? I want to run **.numCars = 400 by one station I also add **.hasRNISupport = false

Hello,

I'm testing an scenario with multiple MEC hosts and a couple of MEC Orchestrators and I need to instantiate a high amount of MEC applications. For a few number of Apps, I would just create an app descriptor in JSON with the characteristics of the App and then import it with the rest of the app's parameters:

*.car[*].app[1].typename = "UEWarningAlertApp"
*.car[*].app[1].deviceAppAddress = "car["+string(ancestorIndex(1))+"]"
*.car[*].app[1].deviceAppPort = 4500
*.car[*].app[1].startTime = 1s										
*.car[*].app[1].stopTime = 30s										

However, doing this for more than a handful of apps is tedious and error-prone. I was planning on doing it recursively, creating a loop cycle and changing the app parameters and start-stop time for each of the apps, but I don't think this can be done in the .ini file.

Could you give me some advice on how to instantiate a high number of MEC apps recursively please?

Thanks a lot for your time and answers.

Hello all,

I am Building Simu5g on Windows10, OMNeT++6.0, and INET4.4.0. I have the same issue as #6 and #54. I tried the first two options to install Simu5g:

1. Download and install Simu5G directly from the OMNeT++ IDE and
2. Download the source code and build Simu5G manually I also tried to clone the code from the GitHub repository. But, I still have the makefile errors. I have tried both solutions suggested in #6, but they didn't work.

Thank you in advance for your help.

Best regards, Parva

dear author I want to know where to set the subbandwidth parameters of the eNodeB and gNodeB; I want to set different bandwidth for two types of BS； for example, *.carrierAggregation.componentCarrier[0].carrierFrequency=2GHz *.carrierAggregation.componentCarrier[0].numBands=50 *.carrierAggregation.componentCarrier[1].carrierFrequency=28GHz *.carrierAggregation.componentCarrier[1].numBands=50 and Each vehicle（0） can obtain 10Mhz bandwidth； Each vehicle（1） can obtain 100Mhz bandwidth；

Dear Authors,

I have tried several times to get vector values by simulating "CbrSender" and "CbrReceiver" at my application layer. I was unable to get continuous values of cbrGeneratedThroughtput:vector and cbrReceivedThroughtput:vector. But cbrFrameDelay:vector has continues values. I am a new user of Simu5G therefore I cannot provide any detailed information. I have simulated CBR mentioned in: dualConnectivity_multicell demo

Surya

Hi, I've been trying to build simu5G over the OMNeT++ and INET Framework. I was able to successfully install those two but I'm having issues when I try to build Simu5G over them and I don't understand why those errors occur. Posting a screenshot here, please guide me with this.

There were about a lot of errors of the same nature. I'm doing this on a MAC OS 12.3 Intel Silicon Chip. I have also tried on windows 11 earlier, and was stuck at the same stage where SImu5G build was failing. Maybe not the same error though.

Hi thanks for your good work. I recently tested 2 examples under simu5g, but I am not sure about the latency of 5G MEC is correct.

Test

I tested in the following two cases

simulations\NR\mec\multiMecHost
simulations\NR\mec\singleMecHost

and the 5G MEC latency is

In average, the upstream delay is 10ms, while the downstream is 5ms

Question

So my questions are

1. Why are the delays different for upstream and downstream?
2. Packet size doesn't seem to have a significant effect on latency, is this normal?
3. When I adjust the message frequency, the MEC MAC layer will report an error, why is this happening?

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!

Whenever I make Simu5G, it always report error: unable to load'../out/clang-debug/src/libsimu5g_dbg.dll.a': No such file or directory,my omnetpp version is 6.0pre11 and inet version is 4.3.2.

Hi All,

First of all I realize that I'm probably making a mistake somewhere but I can't figure out why.

I have the following simulation: omnetpp.ini

[General]
image-path=../../../images
output-scalar-file-append = false
sim-time-limit=20s
**.routingRecorder.enabled = false

############### Statistics ##################
output-scalar-file = ${resultdir}/${configname}/${repetition}.sca
output-vector-file = ${resultdir}/${configname}/${repetition}.vec
seed-set = ${repetition}
**.vector-recording = false

################ Mobility parameters #####################
# *

**.mobility.constraintAreaMaxX = 1000m
**.mobility.constraintAreaMaxY = 1000m
**.mobility.constraintAreaMinX = 0m
**.mobility.constraintAreaMinY = 0m
**.mobility.constraintAreaMinZ = 0m
**.mobility.constraintAreaMaxZ = 0m
**.mobility.initFromDisplayString = false

############### Number of Resource Blocks ################
**.numBands = 50 # this value should be kept equal to the number of RBs

############### Transmission Power ##################
**.ueTxPower = 26
**.eNodeBTxPower = 40
**.targetBler = 0.01
**.blerShift = 5  

############### IPv4 configurator config #################
*.configurator.config = xmldoc("./demo.xml")


#------------------------------------#
# Config Standalone
#
# Topology configuration for the exemplary scenario for NR Standalone deployment
#
[Config Standalone]
network = simu5g.simulations.NR.networks.SingleCell_Standalone
sim-time-limit=20s

############### e/gNodeB configuration #################
*.gnb.mobility.initialX = 450m
*.gnb.mobility.initialY = 300m

############## UE configuration ##################
*.numUe = 3

# connect the UE's NIC to the corresponding serving eNB
*.ue[*].macCellId = 1
*.ue[*].masterId = 1
*.ue[*].nrMacCellId = 1
*.ue[*].nrMasterId = 1

# UE position
*.ue[*].mobility.initialX = 450m
*.ue[*].mobility.initialY = 350m
#------------------------------------#


[Config UdpSend]
extends=Standalone

# one UDP application for each user
*.ue[*].numApps = 1


# the amount of UDP applications on server should be equal to (numUEs)*(ue[*].numApps) 
*.server.numApps = 1

#============= Application Setup =============
*.server.app[0].typename = "inet.applications.udpapp.UdpEchoApp"
*.server.app[0].localPort = 1000

*.ue[1..2].app[0].typename = "inet.applications.udpapp.UdpEchoApp"
*.ue[1..2].app[0].localPort = 1000

*.ue[0].app[0].typename = "ether_tic_toc.apps.udp_send.UdpSendApp"
*.ue[0].app[0].destAddress = "224.0.0.10" 
*.ue[0].app[0].destPort = 1000
#------------------------------------#

With the following network config: demo.xml

<config>
    <interface hosts='*' address='10.x.x.x' netmask='255.x.x.x'/>
    <multicast-group hosts="ue[*]" interfaces="cellular" address="224.0.0.10"/>
</config>

And ether_tic_toc.apps.udp_send.UdpSendApp is a UDP app that sends a single packet to the port and destination

But When I run it it crashes at LteAmc::existTxParams() with cRuntimeError("LteAmc::existTxparams(): Unrecognized direction")

Then I tried adding

**.usePreconfiguredTxParams = true
**.d2dCqi = 7
**.amcMode = "D2D"

to my config.ini But then it looks like the packet is never sent or received

I'm using the latest commit of Simu5G, INET 4.4.0 and Omnet 6

Hello,

I model a learning environment for UDP data transmission between dynamic UEs and a static server. I would like to be able to know the channel information at the application layer, i.e., inside my UDP app. As far as I could get, the only broadcasted statistics so far are CQI and SINR signals from LtePhyand LteNicmodules. However, to compute e.g., SINR in LteRealisticChannelModel, one needs to pass an LteAirFrame and UserControlInfo as parameters, which are obtained in handleAirFrame methods from LtePhy* modules via getting the LteAirFrame tag.

Unfortunately, as one can see, this UserControlInfo object exists only within the scope of ::handleAirFrame and is published only in a form of CQI signal. I wonder if there is a way to get this object or at least its fields somehow without extending LtePhyUe module? Thanks!

Best Nikita

When I use this function to obtain the vehicle location information, it can operate normally： veins::VeinsInetMobility* vehiclemobility = dynamic_castveins::VeinsInetMobility*(getParentModule()->getSubmodule("mobility", 0)); When I add this function to obtain the vehicle speed information, the simulation flashback occurs： veins::TraCICommandInterface::Vehicle* vehicleCommand = vehiclemobility->getVehicleCommandInterface();

Hello, I was debugging the source code when i found that the scheduler's method "scheduler->updateSchedulingInfo()" contains no code. As this method is called after scheduling scheduleRacRequests and scheduleRetransmissions, I guess Simu5g model retransmission in other bands which is not used by current carrier, Am I right？

Hello, dear author. There occur some problems when i'm using the version 1.2.1 with the simulation-NR-car packet. I copied the code I rewrote in omnetpp.ini(Figure1). It works well in version 1.1. But the current phenomenon of vehiclesender is that a message can be emitted but it cannot reach the place where it is received(FIgure 2,3). Something similar happened when I tried to broadcast a message. The frames are almostly the one in the Simulation examples (D2DMulticast). I change the destAddress to 10.255.255.255, and mask the Multicast part in Sender.cc and Receiver.cc. Hope you can kindly reply to the above two questions and provide some suggestions for implementing broadcast messages. Thank you very much.